PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)

PESA is a minimally invasive sperm retrieval procedure often recommended for men with a blockage in the sperm ducts or in cases where ejaculation is not possible. A fine needle is inserted through the skin of the scrotum into the epididymis to aspirate fluid, which is then examined for sperm. If viable sperm are found, they are used in ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) to achieve fertilization. Key benefits of PESA include no major surgery required, minimal scarring, quick recovery, and mild discomfort.

Summary

• ✦ PESA is best suited for men with normal sperm production but blocked sperm ducts.

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)

TESA is a sperm retrieval technique used when no sperm are present in the ejaculate due to very low sperm production or severe ductal obstruction. During TESA, a fine needle is inserted directly into the testis to extract testicular tissue, which is examined under a microscope to identify viable sperm. Once retrieved, the sperm are preserved for use in ICSI.

Summary

• ✦ TESA is suitable for men with obstructive azoospermia (normal testicular sperm production with blocked ducts) or severe sperm count issues, featuring a small puncture and minimal discomfort.